Zappen, James P. "Digital Rhetoric: Toward an Integrated Theory."

Zappen, James P. "Digital Rhetoric: Toward an Integrated Theory." Technical Communication Quarterly 14.3 (2005): 319-325. Communication & Mass Media Complete. EBSCO. Web. 05 Oct. 2009.

Zappen hypothesizes the future of digital rhetoric based on literature reviews for other theorists. Zappen examines a wide range of issues in the literature on digital rhetoric through novel strategies of self-expression and collaboration, the characteristics, affordances, and constraints of the new digital media, and the formation of identities and communities in new digital environments. He highlights the ways that new digital media is forming identity and forging social communities. He asserts that traditional rhetorical views must be refashioned and redefined in order to adapt to the new digital media. Zappen proposes an integrated theory of digital rhetoric that addresses new paths in rhetorical studies – specifically science and technology.

This article is significant because it highlights the dichotomous benefits and challenges to digital rhetoric. It has the potential for revealing a new direction in rhetorical studies, but simultaneously it reveals the difficulties of adapting new digital media to traditional methods. Unlike traditional rhetorical studies, Zappen implies that digital rhetoric is a combination of integrated theories. With digital rhetoric, there is a potential to expand and transform older theories. Zappen uses quotes from well-known leaders in the field to propel his own ideas. By concluding with questions and calls for more in-depth research, Zappen raises more questions than he gives answers.

Zappen’s research is thought provoking but weak. He offers more questions than answers, and, seemingly, he calls for others to do the empirical research. The remarks of other theorists help him make valid points, but there is not a rigor in the research method.